YIDDISH - définition. Qu'est-ce que YIDDISH
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Qu'est-ce (qui) est YIDDISH - définition

HIGH GERMAN-DERIVED LANGUAGE USED BY ASHKENAZI JEWS
Yiddish Language; Judaeo-German; Jiddisch; Yiddish (language); Yddish; Judeo-German; Judæo-German; Yiddish orthography and phonology; Yiddish typography; ייִדיש; Yidish; Jiddish; Taytsh; Tiutsch; Iddish; Mameloshn; Mame-loshn; Yiddish-language; Yittish; ISO 639:yid; IJiddish language; Eastern Yiddish language; ISO 639:ydd; Western Yiddish language; ISO 639:yih; ISO 639:yi; Iwre-Teutsch; Yiddisch; Yiddish language; Mauscheldeutsch; ISO 639:ji
  • 1917. 100 [[karbovanets]] of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Revers. Three languages: Ukrainian, Polish and Yiddish.
  • The opening page of the 1828 Yiddish-written Jewish holiday of [[Purim]] play ''Esther, oder die belohnte Tugend'' from [[Fürth]] (by Nürnberg), [[Bavaria]].
  • A typical poster-hung wall in a Jewish section of [[Brooklyn]], New York
  • NEP]]-era Soviet Yiddish poster "Come to us at the [[Kolkhoz]]!"
  • Proletarier fun ale lender, fareynikt zikh}}''!'' The same slogan is written in Belarusian, Russian and Polish.
  • Polish]], advertising English classes for new immigrants in [[Cleveland]]
  • Yidishe Folkshtime}} (''Yiddish People's Voice''), published in Stockholm, January 12, 1917
  • The calligraphic segment in the Worms ''Machzor''. The Yiddish text is in red.
  • Names of Things}}), a Yiddish–Hebrew–Latin–German dictionary and thesaurus, published by Elia Levita in 1542
  • Jewish Autonomous Oblast]] in Russia
  • revolutionary year 1848]]. In the collection of the [[Jewish Museum of Switzerland]].
  • Women surrounded by posters in English and Yiddish supporting [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], [[Herbert H. Lehman]], and the [[American Labor Party]] teach other women how to vote, 1936.
  • Map of the Yiddish dialects between the 15th and the 19th centuries (Western dialects in orange / Eastern dialects in green)
  • Allies]] with wheat – Let nothing go to waste". Colour lithograph, 1917. Digitally restored.
  • Fewer than 1,000 speakers}}
  • Ramapo]], New York.
  • Un ir zolt lib hobn dem fremdn, varum fremde zeyt ir geven in land mitsraym}}). ''"You shall have love for the stranger, because you were strangers in the land of Egypt." (Deuteronomy 10:19)''

Yiddish         
Yiddish is a language which comes mainly from German and is spoken by many Jewish people of European origin.
N-UNCOUNT
Yiddish         
·add. ·noun A language used by German and other Jews, being a Middle German dialect developed under Hebrew and Slavic influence. It is written in Hebrew characters.
Yiddish         
['j?d??]
¦ noun a language used by Jews in or from central and eastern Europe, originally a German dialect with words from Hebrew and several modern languages.
¦ adjective relating to this language.
Derivatives
Yiddisher noun
Origin
C19: from Yiddish yidish (daytsh) 'Jewish (German)'.

Wikipédia

Yiddish

Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish or idish, pronounced [ˈ(j)ɪdɪʃ], lit.'Jewish'; ייִדיש-טײַטש, Yidish-Taytsh, lit.'Judeo-German') is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originates from 9th century Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic. Most varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages. Yiddish is primarily written in the Hebrew alphabet.

Prior to World War II, its worldwide peak was 11 million, with the number of speakers in the United States and Canada then totaling 150,000. Eighty-five percent of the approximately six million Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust were Yiddish speakers, leading to a massive decline in the use of the language. Assimilation following World War II and aliyah (immigration to Israel) further decreased the use of Yiddish among survivors after adapting to Hebrew in Israel. However, the number of Yiddish-speakers is increasing in Hasidic communities. In the 1990s, there were around 1.5–2 million speakers of Yiddish, mostly Hasidic and Haredi Jews. A 2021 estimate from Rutgers University was that there were 250,000 American speakers, 250,000 Israeli speakers, and 100,000 in the rest of the world (for a total of 600,000).

The earliest surviving references date from the 12th century and call the language לשון־אַשכּנז (loshn-ashknaz, "language of Ashkenaz") or טײַטש (taytsh), a variant of tiutsch, the contemporary name for Middle High German. Colloquially, the language is sometimes called מאַמע־לשון (mame-loshn, lit. "mother tongue"), distinguishing it from לשון־קודש (loshn koydesh, "holy tongue"), meaning Hebrew and Aramaic. The term "Yiddish", short for Yidish Taitsh ("Jewish German"), did not become the most frequently used designation in the literature until the 18th century. In the late 19th and into the 20th century, the language was more commonly called "Jewish", especially in non-Jewish contexts, but "Yiddish" is again the most common designation today.

Modern Yiddish has two major forms. Eastern Yiddish is far more common today. It includes Southeastern (Ukrainian–Romanian), Mideastern (Polish–Galician–Eastern Hungarian) and Northeastern (Lithuanian–Belarusian) dialects. Eastern Yiddish differs from Western both by its far greater size and by the extensive inclusion of words of Slavic origin. Western Yiddish is divided into Southwestern (Swiss–Alsatian–Southern German), Midwestern (Central German), and Northwestern (Netherlandic–Northern German) dialects. Yiddish is used in a number of Haredi Jewish communities worldwide; it is the first language of the home, school, and in many social settings among many Haredi Jews, and is used in most Hasidic yeshivas.

The term "Yiddish" is also used in the adjectival sense, synonymously with "Ashkenazi Jewish", to designate attributes of Yiddishkeit ("Ashkenazi culture"; for example, Yiddish cooking and "Yiddish music" – klezmer).

Exemples du corpus de texte pour YIDDISH
1. Yiddish writers also include Isaac Bashevis Singer, the only Yiddish writer to win the Nobel Literature Prize, in 1'78.
2. Yiddish writers also include Isaac Bashevis Singer, the only Yiddish writer to win the Nobel Prize in literature, in 1'78.
3. But unlike Yiddish literature, Yiddish language and other phenomena of Jewish culture in Europe, the heritage of science and scholarship in Yiddish experienced neither an academic nor a public revival in recent decades.
4. "Yiddish existed for 1,100 years and after the Holocaust Jews associated it with something shameful." American Jewry also moved away from the Yiddish world following World War II.
5. "I haven‘t spoken Yiddish for 80 years," she said, weeping.